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動态性動詞與靜态性動詞(36)
來源:太阳成tyc9728     發布時間:2011-09-06    作者:admin     攝影:     校對:無    審核:暫無  

(2)動作型使動詞:

動作型使動詞表明一個動作的發生。這類動詞既可當不及物動詞用,也可不改變形态而當作具有使役性的及物動詞用,含有 cause sb.to do sth.的意思。這裡的實際動作接受者往往是些具體的事物。這類動詞有open,start,close,jump,walk,march,run,hang, slide,blow up等,例如:

144) a.The door opened and a man came in.

b.He opened the door to let a man in.

c.He opened the door for a man to come in.

(他開門讓一個人進來。)

145) a.The key opened the door.

b.He opened the door with the key.

(他用鑰匙開了門。)

146) a.The engine won't start.

b.I can't start the engine.

(這引擎發動不起來。)

147) a.The door closed noiselessly.

b.She closed the door noiselessly.

(她輕輕地把門關上了。)

148) a.The child jumped on his father's knee.

b.Father jumped the child on his knee.

(父親讓孩子跳到他的膝蓋上。)

149) a.I walked back with my bike.

b.I walked my bike back.

c.I pushed my bike back.

(我推着自行車走回去。)

150) a. The soldiers were marching away.

b.The officer was marching the soldiers away.

(軍官讓他的士兵列隊走了。)

151) a.The prisoner walked to the court under police escort.

b.The policeman walked/marched the prisoner to the court.

c.The policeman escorted the prisoner to the court.

(警察押送犯人上法庭。)

152) a.Hot water was running into the bath.

b.He was running hot water into the bath.

(他正往澡盆裡放熱水。)

153) a. The picture hang on the wall.

b.She hang a picture on the wall.

(她挂一幅畫在牆上。)

154) a.A letter slid under the door.

b.Someone slid a letter under the door.

(有人從門底下塞一封信進來。)

155) a.The dam blew up.

b.Terrorists blew up the dam.

(恐怖主義分子把大壩炸毀了。)

英語中,這種既可作不及物動詞,又可作及物動詞用的詞是大量的。而有些動詞在用作不及物動詞時,實際上具有及物動詞的含義,例如:

156) a.He is warming up the milk on the stove. b.The milk is being warmed up on the stove. c.The milk is warming up on the stove. (他在爐子上加熱牛奶。)

157) a.He was boiling the kettle.

b.The kettle was boiling.

(他正用水壺燒開水。)

158) a.He was cooking the food.

b. The food was being cooked.

c.The food was cooking.

(他正在做飯。)

159) a.He was roasting the meat.

b.The meat was being roasted.

c.The meat was roasting.

(他正在烤肉。)

160) a.He was burning the toast.

b.The toast was being burnt.

c.The toast was burning.

(他正在烤面包片。)

有時,可以用bring,put等及物動詞引導的詞組,來表示使役的含義,例如:

161) a.The car stopped.

b.The car came to a stop.

c.The driver stopped the car.

d.The driver brought the car to a stop.

e.The driver put a stop to the car. (司機把汽車停了下來。)

162) a.Tears came to her eyes when she heard the sad news.

b.The sad news brought tears to her eyes.

c.She shed tears when she heard the sad news.

(她聽到這個不幸消息時流下眼淚。)

163) a. All their initiatives came into full play.

b.They brought all their initiatives into full play.

c.They called all their initiatives into full play.

(他們充分發揮了他們的主動性。)

在這類動詞中,有些及物和不及物動詞的形态是不同的,例如:

164) a.The flowers have died.

b.The frost has killed the flowers.

(霜把這些花都凍死了。)

165) a.The trees have fallen.

b.The lumber man has felled the trees.

(伐木工人把這些樹都砍倒了。)

166) a. An arm rose. b.Someone raised an arm.

(有人舉起一隻胳臂。)