一、主謂一緻

主謂一緻有許多原則，概括起來不外乎三種一緻原則，即語法形式一緻，概念一緻（語言内容上一緻），毗鄰一緻（謂語動詞的單複數形式和緊位于其前的主語一緻）。

1. 語法形式一緻

（1）單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語，謂語動詞要用單數形式。複數主語，用and或both…and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用複數形式。例如：

1) The performance was very funny.

2) Serving the people is my great happiness.

3) Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.

4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce.

5) Both you and I are　students.

6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.

注1：在what 引導的主語從句中，如果主語補語是複數時，謂語動詞用複數形式。例如：

What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion.

注2：修飾語對主語的數不起影響。例如：

The performance of the first three clowns was very funny.

（2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結構跟在主語後面，不能看作是并列主語，該主語不受這些詞組引導的插入語的影響，主語如是單數，其謂語動詞仍然用單數形式。例如：

1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office.

2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.

3) His sister no less than you is wrong.

4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.

注：有時在with結構裡，加上both之後，with就具有and含義。例如：

Grandpa Wang with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park.

(3)有些代詞隻能指單數可數名詞，當它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是多數，謂語動詞仍要用單數形式。這類代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如：

1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。)

2) Everything around us is matter. (我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。)

(4)在neither of與either of的結構裡，一般語法書都認為謂語動詞可用單數形式也可用複數形式，但在美國的TOEFL考試内要求用單數形式。例如：

1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.

2) Has either of them been seen recently?

(5)當and連結的兩個名詞是指同一個人或同一件事，and後的名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語動詞應該用單數形式；在and後面的名詞前有冠詞，謂語就用複數形式。例如：

1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早飯供應黃油面包。)

2)The bread and the butter are on sale. (正在出售黃油和面包。)

（6）當one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如：

1)One of those students has passed the examination.

2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.

(7)form of, type of, kind of 結構的謂語視form, type與kind的單複數而定.these/those kind/type of後是複數名詞，謂語動詞用複數形式。例如：