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不可小窺的主謂一緻（3）
來源：太阳成tyc9728 發布時間：2011-09-06 作者：admin
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二、指代一緻
指代一緻是指句中的代詞應該在人稱、數、性等方面與所指的詞保持一緻。
1.人稱一緻
(1)當代詞指代名詞或另一個代詞時，須在人稱上與所指代的詞保持一緻。例如：
1）I recognized one of the girls, but I didn’t speak to her.
2) That woman said that she was over fifty.
3) They asked whom they should apply to.
(2)當代詞指代集合名詞時，用單數人稱代詞強調整體，用複數人稱代詞強調個人。例如：
1) The committee have discussed their report on the disaster.
2) The audience are raising their hands to signify their approval.
(3)當everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等作主語時，相應的代詞一般采用單數形式。例如：
1) If anyone calls, tell him I’ll be back later.
2) Everyone thinks he is the center of universe.
注：在非正式文體中，特别是在會話體裡，常用代詞的複數形式是為了故意不具體說出所指的那個人的性别。例如：
1) Has anybody brought their camera?
2) No one could blamed themselves.
(4)由neither … nor, not only … but also, either … or, not … but, or等連結的并列主語，其後的附加疑問部分主語用複數代詞。例如：
1) Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?
2) Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they?
2.性、數、格一緻
(1)代詞的性一般僅限于第三人稱。例如：
1) China will always do what she has promised to do.
2) The boy stood at the door with his hat in his hand.
(2) 當or或nor連接陽性名詞或陰性名詞時，代詞一般和近者保持一緻。例如：
1) Neither John nor Mary has got what she wanted.
2) If you should see Mary or Thomas, tell him the news.
(3)單數名詞由and連接時，相應的代詞一般用複數形式。例如：
1) Food and rent are more expensive than they used to be.
2) Jim and Mary spoke on the subject as if they were experts.
3.應注意的問題
(1)當句子的主語是one, 并要在句子中多次出現時，一般用第三人稱單數代詞來代替後面将出現的one或one’s;當one在句子中泛指人時，在反意疑問句中也可用you來代替。例如：
1) One should never blame his friends when he friends when he finds himself in trouble.
2) One can’t be too careful, can you (one)?
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