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學英語必看語法手冊二十一
來源:太阳成tyc9728     發布時間:2011-09-06    作者:admin     攝影:     校對:無    審核:暫無  

九.情态動詞--ought

ought隻有一種形式,後面須跟帶to的動詞不定式。Ought表示"有義務或必要"做某件事,還可表示"勸告"。如:.
You ought to follow the old man's advice.你應當聽那位老人的話。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不應當抽煙太多。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你臉色不好,應該馬上到醫務室去。
[注]ought表示"應該",語氣比should 強。

ought後加動詞不定式的完成式時
指過去的動作。如用肯定形式(ought to have done),表示某一件事該做而未做,相當于should have done。如用否定形式(ought not to have done),則表示一件不該做的事情發生了,相當于should not have done。如:
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.這個練習他應當作得更細心一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week. 我上星期就應當把這些書還給圖書館。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不該這樣粗魯。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不該沒有得到他的許可就把他的冰鞋拿走。

十.情态動詞--dare

dare的用法和其他動詞有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑問句中時,其用法和其他情态動詞一樣,即dare本身無變化,後面所跟的動詞不定式不帶to。如:
They dare not tell the truth.他們不敢說真話。
Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于承認錯誤嗎?
He dared say no more。他不敢再說了。

但是dare用在肯定結構中時,後面的動詞不定式可加to。如:
Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想、敢說、敢幹。
[注一]在否定句或疑問句中,dare也可用作實義動詞,用助動詞do來幫助,後面的動詞不定式可帶to。如:
Do they dare to do it? 他們敢做這事嗎?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敵人夜間不敢出來。
[注二]注意下面将兩種不同動詞揉合在一起的說法。如:
I didn't dale come.我不敢來。
Who dares stop me? 誰敢阻攔我?

十一.情态動詞--need

need的用法與dare幾乎完全相同。即在否定句或疑問句中,和其他情态動詞一樣,本身無變化,後面用不帶to的動詞不定式;在肯定句中時,和實義動詞一樣,後面的動詞不定式要帶to,第三人稱單數現在一般時加-s,并有時态的變化。如:
Need we return the magazines today?我們今天需要把雜志還回去嗎?
Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每個成員每年隻需繳一點錢就可以得到醫療。
You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你們不必寫下這個翻譯練習,口頭做就行了。

[注]與dare一樣,在否定句或疑問句裡,need也可和實義動詞相同,用助動詞to do來幫助,後面的動詞不定式必須帶to。如:
Do they need to take any tools with them? -No., they don't need to.他們需要帶工具嗎? --不需要。
He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。

need後面有名詞作賓語時
完全用作實義動詞,表示"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。這時,它的變化和一般實義動詞完全相同。如:
I need a dictionary.我需要字典。
You need a hair-cut. 你該理發了。
Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自來水筆嗎?
I don't need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。
Mary looks tried,she needs a rest. 瑪麗看上去累了,需要休息。

Needn't後加動詞不定式(不帶to)的完成式時
指過去已做了但勿須做的動作。如:
You needn't have watered the vegetables,as it is going to rain.你滿可以不必澆菜,天要下雨了。
You needn't have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你滿可以不必帶傘,我們要坐出租汽車去。

[注一]注意didn't have to和didn't nee to則常表示過去未做也勿須做的動作。如:
I didn't have to interpret it for her,for she knows Chinese.我勿須為她翻譯,她懂漢語。
I didn't need to take a taxi; it is only five minutes walk to the station.到車站隻須走五分鐘,我不需要坐出租汽車。

[注二] used to和had better也可看作是情态動詞。情态動詞used to表示過去的習慣,但現在已無此習慣(would表過去習慣時則無此含義)。如:
When I was young,I used to play football.我小時常踢足球。
He didn't use to come. (或用usedn't to)他過去不常來。
Did he used to come? (亦可說used he to...?)他過去常來嗎?had better表可取,意為"應該"或"最好"。如:
We had better go now. 我們最好走吧。
You'd better stop now.你現在應該停下來。(對長輩不可用had better)
Hadn't we better go now? 我們現在走不好嗎?(had better一般不用于肯定疑問句)