學校主頁
當前位置:電子圖書>>英語寫法
學英語必看語法手冊二十二
來源:太阳成tyc9728     發布時間:2011-09-06    作者:admin     攝影:     校對:無    審核:暫無  

第十二章   語氣概述

一、語氣及其種類
1)語氣(mood)語氣是一種動詞形式,表示講話人對某一行為或事情的看法和态度。

2)語氣的種類語氣可分為下列三種:
a)直陳語氣(indicative mood)表示講話人認為他所說的話是一個事實。如:
There are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩個方面。
Jinzhou is famous for its apples.錦州以産蘋果聞名。
Comrade Zhang Side had a deep love for the Party.張思德同志對黨懷有深厚的愛。

b)祈使語氣(imperative mood)表示講話人對對方的請求或命令。如:
Bring along your exercise books tomorrow.明天把練習本帶來。
Make yourself at home.請随便,不要客氣。
Don't move! 不許動!
Don't be late.不要遲到。
Be quiet! 請安靜!

c) 虛拟語氣 (subjunctive mood)。


二、虛拟語氣一

虛拟語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實,而隻是一種願望、假設、懷疑、建議、猜測、可能或純粹的空想等。如:
If I were not so busy,I would go with you.假如我不太忙,我會和你一起去。(表示假設)
I wish Lao Li were here.H6 would know how to fix the machine.老李在這兒就好了,他會知道怎樣把機器修好的。(表示願望)
He suggests that we should all go to see the film.他建議我們都去看電影。(表示建議)

1.虛拟語氣的動詞形式
比較特殊,共有下列七種:
1)動詞原形(用于一切人稱和數)
2)動詞的過去式(用于一切人稱和數,be的過去式用were)
3) had + 過去分詞(用于一切人稱和數)
4) should + 動詞原形(用于一切人稱和數)
5) should have + 過去分詞(用于一切人稱和數)
6) should (第一人稱),Would(第二、三人稱) + 動詞原形
7) should(第一人稱),Would(第二、三人稱) + have + 過去分詞
[注]上述某些動詞形式和直陳語氣的某些動詞形式相同,但它們的用法及其所表示的時間概念則完全兩樣,二者切不可混淆。

虛拟語氣常用在表示條件的從句和表示結果的主句中。

2.虛拟語氣在條件從句和結果主句中的用法
1)表示與現在事實相反的條件和結果,:如:
If I Were you, I should go and see the dentist at once. 假如我是你的話,我會馬上去看牙科醫生。
If they were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 假如沒有引力,我們就不能行走。
If they had time,they would study Italian too. 假如他們有時間的話,他們也會學意大利語的。
If She knew German,She would read Marx and Engels in the original假如她懂德語,她就會讀馬克思和恩格斯的原著了。
He would tell me if he knew, but he does not,know anything about it. 假如他知道的話,他會告訴我的,但是他一點也不知道。

2)表示與過去事實相反的條件和結果。如:
If I had known of your arrival I should have met you at the station.如果我早知道你要來,我會去車站接你的。
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早來幾分鐘的話,你就見到他了。
If She hadn't been so strict with herself, she wouldn't have made such great progress.她要是對自己要求不嚴格,她就不會有這樣大的進步。
If the child had fallen through the ice, he would have drowned. 假如這孩子掉到冰窯裡,他定會淹死了。

3)表示與将來事實可能相反的條件和結果。其用法和表示與現在事實相反的條件和結果相同。如:
If it Were Sunday tomorrow,my brother would go skating at the Beihai Park.如果明天是星期天,我弟弟會去北海公園滑冰的。
If you dropped the glass,it would break.你如将杯子掉下來,它就會打碎的。
What Would happen if I put the paper on the fire? -It Would bum.我若把紙放在火上會怎麼樣?--紙就會燒着。

[注]在表示與将來事實可能相反的條件從句中,亦可用were to + 動詞原形(比較正式,常用于書面體中)和should + 動詞原形。如:
If you were to come tomorrow,I might have time to see you.你如果明天來的話,我或許會有時間見你。
If I were to see her tomorrow,I would tell her about your decisions. 我明天如見到她,就把你的決定告訴她。
If it should rain tomorrow,what would we do?明天萬一下雨,我們怎麼辦?
If you should meet George,tell him I want to see him.你如見到喬治,告訴他我要見他。