三、虛拟語氣二
不用if的條件從句結構
在筆語中,條件從句有時可以不用連詞小而把were,had或should移至主語之前。但如從句沒有were,had或should,則一般不能這樣做。如:Should he come,tell him to ring me up.他要是來了,讓他給我打個電話。
Were I in your position,I would go.如果我處于你的地位,我就去。
Had they not helped us,our experiment would have failed. 如果沒有他們的幫助,我們的試驗是會失敗的。
[注]有時虛拟條件不用條件從句而用介詞短語、動詞不定式等來表示。如:
without contradiction nothing would exist. 沒有矛盾就沒有世界。
We could not have done the work well without your help.要是沒有你的幫助,我們不可能做好這工作。
It wonld be a good idea to go swimming at the summer palace.到頤和園去遊泳,倒是個好主意。
All this would have been impossible ten years ago.這一切在十年前是不可能有的。
四、虛拟語氣三
虛拟語氣和情态動詞
虛拟結構(不論從句或主句)常可用情态動詞的過去式,即could,might,wou1d等加不帶to的動詞不定式或不帶to的動詞不定式完成式,來作謂語動詞。這些情态動詞除表示虛拟結構外,本身還有獨立的意思。如:If I were you,I Would go.我如果是你,我就願意去。
If he were here,he might agree with you.假如他在這裡,他可能會同意你。
I Would help you if I could. 假如我能夠的話,我一定幫助你。
If it had not been for their help,we could not have succeeded. 如果沒有他們的幫助,我們是不可能成功的。
五、虛拟語氣四
有時條件從句中的動作和結果主句中的動作所發生的時間不一緻 這時,動詞的形式應根據它所表示的時間加以調整。如:If he had followed the doctor's advice,he Would be quite all right now.他當時若是聽醫生的話,現在就會痊愈了。(從句說明過去,主句說明現在)
If I were you,I Would have gone to the theatre.假如我是你,我會去看話劇了。(從句的時間包括現在,主句說明過去)
If you hadn't helped me,I couldn't have finished it on time and most likely I would be still working now.假若你沒有幫助我,我不可能按時完成工作,很可能現在還在幹哩。(從句說明過去,主句說明過去和現在)
用直陳語氣表示條件和結果
在現代英語裡,多用直陳語氣表示條件和結果。直陳語氣的條件和結果所表示的往往是事實。如不是事實,其可能性也較虛拟語氣要大。如:
If it rains tomorrow,we shall not go out.假如明天下雨的話,我們就不出去。
The dog won't attack you if you sit still.如果你安靜地坐着,狗是不會咬你的。
If the train leaves at eight thirty,there is no time to lose. 火車如果是八點半開,我們得抓緊時間了。
If the rain stops,I'll go for a swim.要是雨停了,我就去遊泳。
六、虛拟語氣五
省去從句或主句的虛拟結構虛拟結構中的從句或主句有時形式上可以省略,但意義上卻仍存在。 1)省去了條件從句的虛拟結構。如:
That would be fine.那就太好了。(省去了if you should do it或類似條件)
You might stay here forever.你可以永遠呆在這裡。(省去了if you wanted協或類似條件)
I would not have done it.我是不會做那件事的。(省去了if were you或類似條件)
[注]虛拟結構中省去的從句有時并不容易找出。如:
Who would have thought of it ? 誰會想到是這樣的呢?
If he were here!假如他在這裡該多好啊!
If I had never married.如果我從未結婚就好了。
這種結構也常用if only開頭。如:
If only I could help you! 假如我能幫助你,那該是多好啊!
If only I were ten years younger!我要是能年輕十歲該多好啊!
If you would only try harder!你如再努力一試就好了。(only亦可置于would等助動詞之後)
[注]有時if only隻表條件,不表願望。如:
If only I had known earlier,I'd have sent you a telegram.我隻要知道得早一點,就會拍電報給你了。
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