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淺談英語中的替代
來源:太阳成tyc9728     發布時間:2011-09-06    作者:admin     攝影:     校對:無    審核:暫無  

 替代是一種避免重複的連接上下文的手段。在英語中主要有三種替代現象:名詞性替代、動詞性替代和分句性替代;同理,替代詞也分為名詞替代詞、動詞替代詞和分句替代詞。此外還有狀語的替代。
  一、名詞性替代
  用名詞性替代詞one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代現象叫做名詞性替代。
  1.名詞性替代詞
  例1:The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)
  例2:His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)
  2.某些不定代詞
  在名詞性替代中還可以用一些不定代詞來替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如:
  I don't want any more food. I’ve had enough.
  3. one 和 ones是最常見的替代詞
  one的複數形式是ones.one 和ones作為替代詞隻能用以替代可數名詞, 不可用來替代不可數名詞。例如:
  1)The grey horse is stronger than the black one.
  2)The new design is much better than the old ones.
  4.名詞性物主代詞mine,yours
  名詞性物主代詞mine, yours等可用來代替my +名詞,your +名詞等,例如:
  “Whose is that coat?” “It’s mine.”
  二、動詞性替代
  用動詞替代詞do,do so等所表示的替代現象叫做動詞性替代。
  1.謂語的替代形式
  do是謂語的替代形式,有時态和人稱的變化。例如:
  1)Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example.
  2)John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.
  2.由do,so等組成的複合替代形式
  (1)“so +助動詞+主語”。例如:
   “Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.”
  (2)“so +主語+助動詞”。例如:
  “I’ve been to Beijing.” ”So you have.”
  注:這種結構中第二句的主語與第一句的主語是同一個人,否則應像“so +助動詞+主語”的結構一樣,主謂要倒裝。