動态性動詞與靜态性動詞(2)
Dynamic Verb and Static Verb
(2)動态性動詞大多可用于祈使句(Imperative Sentence),靜态性動詞則不可。例如:
20)Keep the house clean and tidy!
(要保持房子整齊清潔!)
21)Own the house!(Impossible)
22)Do as your father does.
(照你父親那樣做。)
23)Resemble your father.(Impossible)
動詞have作動态性動詞用,可用于祈使句,例如:
24)a.Have some tea!
b.Drink some tea!
(請喝點茶!)
smell當動态性動詞用,表示感覺行為,可用于祈使句;當靜态性動詞用,表示感覺表現,不可用于祈使句,例如:
25)a.Smell this meat.Does it smell bad?
b.Take/Have a smell at this meat.Does it give/have a bad smell?
(聞一聞這塊肉,看它有沒有壞味道?)
動詞當作動态性動詞用于祈使句中,往往表達的是原義。當作靜态性動詞,往往含有引伸義,但不用于祈使句。試以hold為例:
26)a.Hold the handle very firmly.
b.Grasp the handle!very firmly.
(請緊緊抓住這個把手。)
27)a.Hold your head up!
b.Keep your head up!
(仰着腦袋!)
28)a.Plato held(the view)that the soul is immortal.
b.Plato believed/thought that the soul is immortal.
(柏拉圖認為靈魂是不朽的。)
(3)動态性動詞可用于内嵌句(Embeded Sentence)中,即充當V+sb.+to do sth.結構中的複合賓語(Complex Object)部分的to do;而靜态性動詞不可。例如:
29)a.I told him to abandon his attempt.
b.He was told to abandon his attempt.
(我叫他放棄嘗試。)
30)a.I told him not to hit a man when he was down.
b.He was told not to hit a man when he was down.
(我叫他不要乘人之危。)
31)I told him to act as an interpreter.
(我叫他充當譯員。)
32)I told him to look like an interpreter.
(Impossible)
33)I told him to keep the house.
(我叫他管理這個家。)
34)I told him to possess the house.
(Impossible)
(4)動态性動詞可用于帶有do代詞形式的假拟分裂句(Pseudo-cleft Sentence with Do Pro-form)中;靜态性動詞則不可。例如:
35)What I did was(to)solve the problem.
(我所做的事情是去解決這個問題。)
36)What I did was to know the problem.
(Impossible)
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