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語法“十宗罪”
來源:太阳成tyc9728     發布時間:2011-09-06    作者:admin     攝影:     校對:無    審核:暫無  
 美國大學生常犯十大語法錯誤

在未來幾十年裡,世界上傳播最廣泛的新聞、最先進的思想、最高深的技術、最集中的知識分子的交流,大多數都将試用英語。如果你不想做一個與國際思想脫節的人,學英語是非常必要的。例如在軟件行業,不但編程的語言是基于英語,更重要的一些課本、文獻、參考書、用戶手冊等都是試用英語的。此外,學英語決不是崇洋。中國正走向世界,中國需要學習西方的先進思想和科學技術,學好英語才能擴大交流,從這個意義上來說,學英語是愛國的表現。很多中國留學生在英語考試中的成績不錯,可是到美國上課卻幾乎都聽不懂,和外國同學交流就更加困難了。如何把英語學好呢?既然英語是重要的工具,那學習的方法就要盡量與工具的試用相結合,不能隻“學”不“用”,更不能隻用背誦的方式。讀書時盡量看原版的專業課本——如果英語不夠好,那就從漢英對照的書看起,适當地看一些你所感興趣的專業領域論文,這樣可以同時提高英語能力和增加相關領域的知識。不要把學英語當作苦差事,可以用有趣的方式去學習,例如看一些名人對話或小說、劇本、甚至漫畫,以自發的方式記住很多習慣用法和有意思的表達方法。同時,為了提高英語的聽說能力,最好的方法就是與那些來自英語為母語國家的外國人對話,現在很多地方都有不少在中國學習和工作的外國人,他們中有些為學中文,也會積極主動地尋找中國學生對話練習,這是很好的機會。
 
本文原文來自美國一所大學的英語講師,内容則是(美國大學生常犯的十大語法錯誤top ten grammar problems)。美國大學生常犯的這些錯誤,我們自己是否也常犯。在下面的十組例句中,第一句是病句,第二句則是改正過來的句子。
  一、句子之間缺少過渡性的單詞或詞組
  ① Salmons swim upstream, they leap over huge dams to reach their destination.
  ② Salmons swim upstream, and then they leap over huge dams to reach their destination.
  二、省字号(')的濫用
  ① the government's plan
  ② the plan of the government
  三、代詞之間的性、數、格不一緻
  ① Everyone has their homework.
  ② Everyone has his (or her) homework.
  四、主句與從句的順序不當
  ① Some of the new dot-com millionaires found out the party was over, after the NASDAQ value dropped by over two thirds.
  ② After the NASDAQ value dropped by over two thirds, some of the new dot-com millionaires found out the party was over.
  五、雙重否定
  ① Barely no one noticed that the pop star lip-synched during the whole performance.
  ② Barely anyone noticed that the pop star lip-synched during the whole performance.
  六、修飾語、插入語的位置不當
  ① The forest fire, no longer held in check by the exhausted firefighters, jumped the firebreak.
  ② No longer held in check by the exhausted firefighters, the forest fire jumped the firebreak.
  七、意義含糊的先行詞
  ① The band members collected his and her uniforms.
  ② The band members collected their uniforms.
  八、介詞和冠詞的濫用
  ① The project of the government reduces the costs of production of the private firms.
  ② The government project reduces the production costs of private firms.
  九、句子缺少成分
  ① When aiming for the highest returns, and also thinking about the possible losses.
  ② When aiming for the highest returns, investors also should think about the possible losses.
  十、忘記斷句
  ① I do not recall what kind of printer it was all I remember is that it could sort, staple, and print a packet at the same time.
  ② I do not recall what kind of printer it was. All I remember is that it could sort, staple, and print a packet at the same time.