由"I don't think..."句型說開去
在學英語的過程中,學生常将這樣的句子 "我認為這不是個好主意." 譯為"I think it isn't a good idea."
而将這句英語譯成漢語時,學生又會譯為 "我不認為這是個好主意." 老師又會說譯錯了,這不符合 "I don't think..." 句型,第一句應譯為 "l
don't think it's a good idea."
那麼,這錯誤的根源究竟在哪裡?這就是“英語的否定轉移”在作怪。否定轉移在非正式語體中特别常見,它是将語義上屬于從屬分句(一般為that clause)的否定詞轉移到母句中去。
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3) 有時将動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在這裡,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不隻是為自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞裡斯多德說過如何如何,就輕信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語many weeks) 她結婚還不到幾個月,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌着了迷。
否定的轉移是一種含糊的現象。對于否定詞位置不同的兩個句子,意思是否相同,或者在多大程度上相同的問題,各人的直覺可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情況下,原來允許否定轉移的動詞不能将否定轉移:
1.I think是插入句,可看作與其他部分無關:
I wish you were here, then I think I should not feel like this.
2.母句中添加情态動詞can't mustn't wouldn't時:
I can't believe that they are married.
I wouldn't have imagined that Sandra would be here.
3.由于cannot helping, ought not, need not, not at all等短語的關系而把I think! 隔離。
I should have thought sometimes you couldn't help thinking of the past.
I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
I think you need not be impolite to her, as well as to her son.
"I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."
4. 由于not just... but, just not... enough,not much, not quite等以not為核心的副詞短語的影響,也不便把否定拿到動詞的前面去:
I think I'm just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.
"You think she's not much like you? Brerald asked.
But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.
句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定詞時:
I should think you never have seen many.
I thought it explained nothing.
- 上一篇:“But”不得不知的用法
- 下一篇:語法“十宗罪”