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動态性動詞與靜态性動詞(6)
來源:太阳成tyc9728     發布時間:2011-09-06    作者:admin     攝影:     校對:無    審核:暫無  

3)感覺痛苦型動詞:

感覺痛苦型動詞是一類特殊的動态性動詞,本身具有延續概念,可用進行時态表示,但不用于祈使句中。

A.感覺能力型動詞:

感覺能力型動詞表示人的視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺和感覺能力,即“能看到”、“能聽到”、“能聞到”、“能嘗出”和“能感到”的意思;也表示人感受外界事物刺激的狀态,即“看到”、“聽到”、“聞到”、“嘗出”和“感到”的意思。這種動詞表示的是一種“内在感覺”(inner perception)。表示視覺的動詞主要是see,find,notice等;表示聽覺的動詞是hear;表示嗅覺的動詞是smell;表示味覺的動詞是taste;表示感覺的動詞是feel。下面分别叙述這類動詞的特點:

(1)這類動詞既表示感覺能力,又表示感覺狀态,而兩者意思往往是相同的,因此可以用can see/see和could see/saw等表達,例如:

1)a.Can you see the house over there?

b.Do you see the house over there?

(你看見那邊的那所房子嗎?)

2)a.I can see the sea from my bedroom window.

b.I see the sea from my bedroom window.(我從卧室的窗戶可以看見大海。)

3)a.When you get to the end of the street,you can see a supermarket.

b.When you get to the end of the street,you'll see a supermarket.

(你走到這條街的盡頭就能看見一個超級市場。)

4)a.I could see someone through the window.

b.I saw someone through the window.(我從窗戶看見有一個人。)

5)a.I could hear a knocking at the door. b.I heard a knocking at the door.

(我能聽見有人敲門。)

6)a.He spoke so loudly that even those who sat at the back could hear him clearly.

b.He spoke so loudly that even those who sat at the back heard him clearly.

(他講話聲音很大,連那些坐在最後排的人也能聽清楚。)

7)a.Can you smell something unusual?

b.Do you smell something unusual?

(你聞出有點不尋常的氣味嗎?)

8)a.Can you taste anything strange in this soup?

b.Do you taste anything strange in this soup?

(你嘗出湯裡有點怪味道嗎?)

9)a.I could feel my heart beating wildly.

b.I felt my heart beating wildly.

(我當時感到心跳得很厲害。)

(2)這類動詞表示一種能力或狀态,因而沒有進行時态,例如:

10)a.I can see a tree in front of the house.

b.I see a tree in front of the house.

c.I am seeing a tree in front of the house.(Impossible)

(我看得見房前有一棵樹。)

11)a.I could hear someone laughing.

b.I heard someone laughing.

c.I was hearing someone laughing.(Impossible)

(我當時聽見有人哈哈大笑。)

12)a.I could smell onions cooking.

b.I smelt onions cooking.

c.I was smelling onions cooking.(Impossible)

(我當時聞到煮洋蔥的味道。)

13)a.I could taste sugar in the coffee.

b.I tasted sugar in the coffee.

c.I was tasting sugar in the coffee.(Impossible)

(我嘗出了咖啡裡已放了糖。)

14)a.I could feel something soft under my foot.

b.I felt something soft under my foot.

c.I was feeling something soft under my foot.(Impossible)

(我當時感到腳底下有個軟東西。)

15)a.I find the bed quite comfortable.

b.I am finding the bed quite comfortable.(Impossible)

(我發覺這張床相當舒服。)

16)a.Did you notice her hands shaking?

b.Were you noticing her hands shaking?(Impossible)

(你有沒有注意到她的雙手在抖動?)

(3)這類動詞中僅有see和hear兩個動詞用于被動語态,表示“能見性”(visibility)或“可聽性”(audibility)的概念,也可以用相應的形容詞visible或audible來表示,例如:

17)a.You/One can(still)see the scar on his chin.

b.The scar can(still) be seen on his chin.

c.The scar is(still) visible on his chin.

d.The scar(still) shows on his chin.

e.His chin(still) shows/bears the scar.(你可以看到他的下巴有個傷疤。)

18)a.You/One can see the fracture quite clearly on the X ray.

b.The fracture can be/is quite clearly seen on the X ray.

c.The fracture is quite visible on the X ray.

d.The fracture shows/is shown quite clearly on the X ray.

e.The X ray shows the fracture quite clearly.

(在X光片上可相當清楚地看見骨折。)

19)a.Make sure other motorists can see you.

b.Make sure you are visible to other motorists.

(一定要讓其他開車的人都看見你。)

20)a.These sounds could be heard clearly.

b.These sounds were clearly audible.

(當時可以清楚地聽見這些聲音。)